Companies × risks
Apple
Apple deploys AI at consumer-device scale through Apple Intelligence across iOS, iPadOS, and macOS, integrating third-party models (OpenAI ChatGPT, Alibaba/Qwen for China). It also develops both general-purpose foundation models (Apple Foundation Models for on-device and server; OpenELM research family) and specialised models for on-device tasks.
We reviewed 6 public documents from Apple and found it acknowledges 4 of 24 AI risks, including toxic content and discrimination.
Sector: Agriculture, Mining, Construction and Manufacturing; Computer & electronics manufacturing
Roles: AI deployer; Specialized AI developer; General-purpose AI developer
AI risks Apple acknowledges
- Toxic content: “The introduction of new and complex technologies, such as artificial intelligence features, can increase these and other safety risks, including exposing users to harmful... content and experiences.” (Apple 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K)
- Discrimination: “We developed customized datasets to mitigate culture-specific risks and biases and stereotypes in model outputs.” (Updates to Apple's On-Device and Server Foundation Language Models Framework)
- Loss of privacy: “The risks of inadvertent disclosure of personal data can increase with the introduction of new and complex technologies, such as artificial intelligence features, further exacerbating such risks.” (Apple 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K)
- Devaluation of human creativity: “This risk may be exacerbated by the use of new and emerging technologies, including machine learning and artificial intelligence, which can involve, among other things, the acquisition and use of copyrighted materials for training as well as the potential reproduction of copyrighted materials in their outputs.” (Apple 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K)
Documents we reviewed
- Introducing Apple's On-Device and Server Foundation Models Framework (Other, 2024)
- Apple 2025 Proxy Statement (Notice of 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders) (Investor materials, 2025)
- Updates to Apple's On-Device and Server Foundation Language Models Framework (Other, 2025)
- Apple 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K (Annual report, 2025)
- Legal - Apple Intelligence & Privacy- Apple (Corporate policy, 2025)
- Security research on Private Cloud Compute (Other, 2024)