New Generation Artificial Intelligence Development Plan

• Authority: Chinese central government
• Jurisdiction: China
• Collections: Chinese law and policy
• Most recent activity: Enacted
• Most recent activity date: 2017-07-20

Risk subdomain coverage

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• Compromise of privacy
• AI system security vulnerabilities
• Disinformation, surveillance, and influence at scale
• Cyberattacks, weapon development or use
• Increased inequality and decline in employment
• Competitive dynamics
• Governance failure
• AI pursuing its own goals
• Lack of capability or robustness
• Lack of transparency or interpretability

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

The document has minimal coverage of AI risks, with brief mentions of approximately 4-5 subdomains. It primarily focuses on AI development strategy and economic opportunities rather than risk mitigation. Coverage includes brief mentions of employment impacts (6.2), governance challenges (6.5), competitive dynamics (6.4), and security vulnerabilities (2.2). The document is promotion-focused rather than risk-focused.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Agriculture, Mining, Construction & Manufacturing
• Trade, Transportation & Utilities
• Information
• Finance & Insurance
• Scientific Research & Development Services
• Educational Services
• Health Care & Social Assistance
• Public Administration (excl. National Security)
• National Security

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the sector are described.

• Professional & Technical Services
• Management, Administrative & Support Services
• Arts, Entertainment & Recreation
• Accommodation, Food & Other Services

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

This strategic plan governs AI development and deployment across virtually all economic sectors in China. The most extensively covered sectors are Manufacturing (intelligent manufacturing), Information (AI development companies), Healthcare, Education, Public Administration, and National Security. The plan also addresses Agriculture, Transportation, Finance, Professional Services, and other sectors with specific AI application strategies.

Legislative Status

Soft Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a strategic planning document issued by the Chinese central government that sets goals, objectives, and policy directions for AI development through 2030. While it comes from a governmental authority, the language is predominantly aspirational and directive rather than legally binding, focusing on 'accelerate,' 'promote,' 'support,' and 'encourage' rather than mandatory obligations with enforcement mechanisms.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The document is explicitly formulated by the Chinese central government in accordance with requirements of the CCP Central Committee and State Council. The National Science and Technology Structural Reform and Innovation System Construction Leading Small Group is designated to lead comprehensive planning and coordination.

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Developer, AI_Deployer, AI_Infrastructure_Provider
• Summary: The plan targets a broad range of entities involved in AI development and deployment, including enterprises developing AI technologies, research institutions, universities, and various types of companies from startups to leading enterprises across multiple sectors.

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The Ministry of Science and Technology, together with relevant departments, is responsible for implementation. An AI Plan Implementation Office is established within the Ministry of Science and Technology for concrete implementation responsibilities. The Leading Small Group provides overall coordination and supervision.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The document establishes monitoring and evaluation mechanisms including an AI Strategy Advisory Committee for strategic oversight, the AI Plan Implementation Office for implementation monitoring, and support for AI think tanks to provide research and evaluation.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

• Plan and Design
• Collect and Process Data
• Build and Use Model
• Verify and Validate
• Deploy
• Operate and Monitor

AI Lifecycle Summary

The document comprehensively covers all AI lifecycle stages from planning through operational monitoring. It emphasizes research and development (Plan and Design, Build and Use Model), validation and testing, deployment across multiple sectors, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation. The plan addresses the complete lifecycle with particular emphasis on R&D, deployment, and operational phases.

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

• AI Models
• AI Systems
• Generative AI
• Open Weight / Open Source
• Predictive AI

Technical Scope Summary

The document extensively mentions AI systems and models throughout, with focus on general-purpose AI capabilities across multiple domains. It does not explicitly define or distinguish between frontier AI, general-purpose AI, or task-specific AI using those exact terms, though it describes capabilities that align with general-purpose systems. There are no explicit compute thresholds mentioned. The document emphasizes open-source sharing but does not specifically address open-weight models.