Regulations for the Promotion of the Development of the Artificial Intelligence Industry in Shanghai Municipality

• Authority: Chinese provincial and local governments
• Jurisdiction: China
• Collections: Chinese law and policy
• Most recent activity: Enacted
• Most recent activity date: 2022-10-01

Risk subdomain coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the risk subdomain are explicitly described.

• Governance failure

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• Unfair discrimination and misrepresentation
• Unequal performance across groups
• Compromise of privacy
• AI system security vulnerabilities
• Disinformation, surveillance, and influence at scale
• Fraud, scams, and targeted manipulation
• Power centralization and unfair distribution
• Increased inequality and decline in employment
• Competitive dynamics
• Environmental harm
• Lack of capability or robustness
• Lack of transparency or interpretability

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

The document has minimal to good coverage of approximately 8-10 subdomains, with primary focus on governance failure (6.5), competitive dynamics (6.4), lack of transparency (7.4), and discrimination (1.1, 1.3). Coverage concentrates on governance structures, industrial development, and ethical considerations rather than specific technical risks or malicious actor scenarios.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Agriculture, Mining, Construction & Manufacturing
• Trade, Transportation & Utilities
• Information
• Finance & Insurance
• Professional & Technical Services
• Scientific Research & Development Services
• Educational Services
• Health Care & Social Assistance
• Public Administration (excl. National Security)

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the sector are described.

• Real Estate, Rental & Leasing
• Management, Administrative & Support Services
• Arts, Entertainment & Recreation
• Accommodation, Food & Other Services
• National Security

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

This regulation governs AI use across virtually all economic sectors, with particularly strong coverage of Information (AI development companies), Manufacturing, Finance and Insurance, Health Care, Education, Public Administration, and Professional Services. The regulation applies to both AI developers/providers and AI deployers across all industries within Shanghai municipality.

Legislative Status

Hard Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a binding municipal regulation enacted by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government with mandatory language throughout ('shall'), explicit enforcement mechanisms, and legal authority under Chinese administrative law.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The regulation was formulated by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government as indicated in Article 1, with the municipal economic and informatization departments designated as the main oversight departments responsible for planning, implementing, coordinating, and promoting AI industry development.

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Developer, AI_Deployer, AI_Infrastructure_Provider
• Summary: The regulation applies broadly to entities engaged in AI R&D, deployment, and application including enterprises, research institutions, educational institutions, and government bodies. Specific obligations are placed on AI developers, deployers, and service providers throughout the municipality.

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: Multiple municipal departments are designated with specific enforcement and oversight responsibilities. The economic and informatization departments serve as the main oversight body, while other departments have specialized enforcement roles in their respective domains.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The regulation establishes multiple monitoring bodies including expert committees for strategic advice and ethics oversight, statistics departments for industry monitoring, and industry organizations for self-regulation and monitoring.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

• Plan and Design
• Collect and Process Data
• Build and Use Model
• Verify and Validate
• Deploy
• Operate and Monitor

AI Lifecycle Summary

The document comprehensively covers all AI lifecycle stages from planning through operational monitoring. It provides detailed coverage of Plan and Design (strategic planning, infrastructure), Collect and Process Data (data sets, public data), Build and Use Model (algorithm innovation, model development), Verify and Validate (testing, evaluation), Deploy (demonstration applications, procurement), and Operate and Monitor (ongoing monitoring, evaluation mechanisms).

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

• AI Models
• AI Systems
• Open Weight / Open Source

Technical Scope Summary

The document explicitly mentions AI systems, AI models, and various AI technologies. It does not use terms like 'frontier AI', 'general purpose AI', 'foundation models', or 'generative AI' but covers AI broadly across applications. It does not specify compute thresholds or distinguish between open-weight and closed models. The focus is on AI technology generally as defined in Article 71.