California (2023-2024) AB 96

• Authority: California
• Parent authority: State governments
• Jurisdiction: United States
• Collections: U.S. state and local documents
• Most recent activity: Enacted
• Most recent activity date: 2023-10-08

Risk subdomain coverage

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• Increased inequality and decline in employment

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

The document has minimal coverage of AI risk domains, with primary focus on socioeconomic impacts related to employment. Coverage is limited to subdomain 6.2 (Increased inequality and decline in employment quality) with minimal mention. The document does not substantially address technical AI risks, safety concerns, or most other risk categories in the taxonomy.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Trade, Transportation & Utilities
• Public Administration (excl. National Security)

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

The document exclusively governs the Trade, Transportation and Utilities sector, specifically public transit services provided by local governmental agencies. It also has implications for Public Administration as it regulates government entities that provide transit services.

Legislative Status

Hard Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a binding California state statute with mandatory obligations, enforcement mechanisms through the Public Employment Relations Board, and legal consequences for non-compliance through unfair practice charges.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: California State Legislature; The people of the State of California
• Summary: The document is a California state bill enacted by the state legislature, as indicated by the opening phrase 'The people of the State of California do enact as follows' and the bill designation 'California (2023-2024) AB 96'.

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Deployer
• Entities: Public transit employers (local governmental agencies, cities, counties, special districts, transit districts, joint powers authorities)
• Summary: The statute explicitly targets public transit employers who are deploying autonomous transit vehicle technology. These are defined as local governmental agencies that provide public transit services and are considering deployment of autonomous vehicle technology.

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: Public Employment Relations Board
• Summary: The Public Employment Relations Board is explicitly granted jurisdiction to process unfair practice charges and enforce compliance with the statute's requirements.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor, Affected_Stakeholder
• Entities: Public Employment Relations Board; Exclusive employee representatives
• Summary: The Public Employment Relations Board monitors compliance through its unfair practice charge process. Employee representatives also have monitoring roles through their right to information disclosure and collective bargaining participation.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

• Plan and Design
• Build and Use Model
• Deploy
• Operate and Monitor

AI Lifecycle Summary

The document primarily covers the Plan and Design stage and the Deploy stage of the AI lifecycle. It requires notification before procurement processes begin and mandates collective bargaining over technology development and implementation. There is implicit coverage of Operate and Monitor through workforce transition planning.

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

• Task-specific AI

Technical Scope Summary

The document explicitly mentions autonomous transit vehicle technology but does not use standard AI terminology like AI models, AI systems, or specific categories like frontier AI, general purpose AI, or foundation models. It focuses on autonomous vehicle technology in the transit context without detailed technical specifications or compute thresholds.