Preserving American Dominance in Artificial Intelligence Act of 2024

• Authority: United States Congress
• Parent authority: Federal government
• Jurisdiction: United States
• Collections: U.S. federal laws
• Most recent activity: Defunct
• Most recent activity date: 2025-01-03

Risk subdomain coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the risk subdomain are explicitly described.

• AI system security vulnerabilities
• Cyberattacks, weapon development or use
• Governance failure
• AI possessing dangerous capabilities
• Lack of capability or robustness

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• Compromise of privacy
• Disinformation, surveillance, and influence at scale
• Competitive dynamics
• AI pursuing its own goals
• Lack of transparency or interpretability

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

The document has good coverage of approximately 8-10 subdomains, with strong focus on malicious actors (4.1, 4.2, 4.3), AI system security (2.2), competitive dynamics (6.4), governance structures (6.5), and AI safety failures (7.1, 7.2, 7.3). Coverage is concentrated in security, misuse prevention, and AI safety domains, particularly addressing CBRN and cyber risks.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Information
• Scientific Research & Development Services
• National Security

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the sector are described.

• Agriculture, Mining, Construction & Manufacturing
• Health Care & Social Assistance
• Public Administration (excl. National Security)

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

This is external federal regulation that governs AI development and deployment across all sectors where covered frontier AI models are developed or deployed. The primary sectors directly regulated are Information (AI developers, cloud providers) and Scientific Research and Development Services (AI research organizations). The regulation has cross-sectoral applicability as it governs AI models that could be used in any sector, with particular attention to national security implications.

Legislative Status

Hard Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a binding federal statute enacted by Congress with mandatory obligations, enforcement mechanisms including criminal penalties (up to 10 years imprisonment) and civil fines (up to $1,000,000 per day), and judicial enforcement through district courts.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: United States Congress; Senate; House of Representatives
• Summary: The document is proposed legislation by the United States Congress, as indicated by the standard legislative enactment clause and the legislative format.

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Developer, AI_Infrastructure_Provider
• Summary: The Act explicitly targets covered frontier artificial intelligence model developers (those who develop, train, or create covered frontier AI models), sellers of covered integrated circuits, infrastructure-as-a-service providers, and owners of covered data centers. These are AI developers and infrastructure providers as defined in the taxonomy.

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: Artificial Intelligence Safety Review Office; Under Secretary of Commerce for Artificial Intelligence Safety; Attorney General; Secretary of Commerce; Department of Commerce
• Summary: The Act establishes the Artificial Intelligence Safety Review Office under the Department of Commerce, led by the Under Secretary of Commerce for Artificial Intelligence Safety, with enforcement authority. The Attorney General is granted judicial enforcement powers through district courts.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: Artificial Intelligence Safety Review Office; Under Secretary of Commerce for Artificial Intelligence Safety; Department of Energy; Department of Homeland Security; Department of Health and Human Services; Bureau of Industry and Security; National Institute for Standards and Technology; National Nuclear Security Administration; Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency; National Security Agency
• Summary: The Office is responsible for monitoring and evaluation functions, including conducting pre-deployment reviews, evaluating compliance, and coordinating with multiple federal agencies. The Under Secretary conducts biennial studies and submits annual reports to Congress on Office activities.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

• Collect and Process Data
• Build and Use Model
• Verify and Validate
• Deploy
• Operate and Monitor

AI Lifecycle Summary

The document covers multiple AI lifecycle stages with primary focus on Build and Use Model, Verify and Validate, Deploy, and Operate and Monitor stages. It addresses model development through red-teaming and cybersecurity standards, pre-deployment evaluation and review processes, deployment notification and prohibition mechanisms, and ongoing monitoring through reporting requirements.

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

• AI Models
• Frontier AI
• AI Systems
• Compute Threshold
• General Purpose AI
• Open Weight / Open Source
• Task-specific AI

Technical Scope Summary

The document explicitly defines and focuses on 'covered frontier artificial intelligence models' with specific compute thresholds (10^26 operations for training). It addresses both AI models and broader systems, with emphasis on general-purpose, broadly capable models. The document does not explicitly mention foundation models, generative AI, predictive AI, or distinguish between open-weight and closed models, though it does address deployment broadly including open source release.