Maryland 2020 HB49

• Authority: Maryland
• Parent authority: State governments
• Jurisdiction: United States
• Collections: U.S. state and local documents
• Most recent activity: Enacted
• Most recent activity date: 2021-07-01

Risk subdomain coverage

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• Unfair discrimination and misrepresentation
• Unequal performance across groups
• Lack of capability or robustness

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

The document has minimal coverage of AI risk domains, with only subdomain 1.1 (Unfair discrimination) receiving a coverage score of 2. The document addresses bias concerns in pretrial risk scoring instruments by requiring 'race-neutral' tools and independent validation studies, but does not comprehensively address other AI risk domains.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Public Administration (excl. National Security)

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

The document primarily governs the Public Administration sector, specifically criminal justice and pretrial services within Maryland jurisdictions. It does not regulate private sector activities but rather establishes requirements for government entities managing pretrial release decisions.

Legislative Status

Hard Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a binding legislative act enacted by the Maryland General Assembly with mandatory requirements and enforcement mechanisms for jurisdictions using pretrial risk scoring instruments.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: General Assembly of Maryland
• Summary: The document is enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, which is the state legislative body that proposed and passed this legislation.

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor, AI_Deployer
• Entities: Jurisdictions using pretrial risk scoring instruments; Eligible counties
• Summary: The legislation applies to jurisdictions (counties) that use pretrial risk scoring instruments and eligible counties seeking to establish or improve pretrial services programs.

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: Governor's Office of Crime Control and Prevention; Executive Director of the Governor's Office of Crime Control and Prevention
• Summary: The Executive Director of the Governor's Office of Crime Control and Prevention administers the grant fund and ensures compliance with the requirements.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: Independent validation study entities; Governor's Office of Crime Control and Prevention
• Summary: Independent validation studies are required to be conducted every 3-5 years, and the Governor's Office of Crime Control and Prevention monitors grant compliance.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

• Verify and Validate
• Deploy
• Operate and Monitor

AI Lifecycle Summary

The document primarily addresses the Verify and Validate stage through mandatory independent validation studies, and the Operate and Monitor stage through ongoing validation requirements every 3-5 years. It also touches on the Deploy stage by establishing requirements for pretrial services programs that use risk scoring instruments.

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

• Predictive AI
• Task-specific AI

Technical Scope Summary

The document explicitly mentions pretrial risk scoring instruments, which are defined as tools, metrics, algorithms, or software. It does not specifically mention AI models, AI systems, or any of the specialized AI categories like frontier AI, general purpose AI, foundation models, or generative AI. No compute thresholds or open-weight models are discussed.