One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025, Section 50404 ("Transformational artificial intelligence models")

• Authority: United States Congress
• Parent authority: Federal government
• Jurisdiction: United States
• Collections: U.S. federal laws
• Most recent activity: Enacted
• Most recent activity date: 2025-07-04

Risk subdomain coverage

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• Competitive dynamics

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

This document has minimal risk domain coverage, with only implicit mention of competitive dynamics (6.4) through its focus on U.S. technological advancement. The document is primarily focused on enabling AI development infrastructure rather than addressing AI risks or harms.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Scientific Research & Development Services

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the sector are described.

• Agriculture, Mining, Construction & Manufacturing
• Information
• Public Administration (excl. National Security)

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

This document primarily governs Scientific Research and Development Services through Department of Energy National Laboratories, with secondary coverage of Information sector (cloud computing infrastructure) and Manufacturing (microelectronics development). The governance focuses on enabling AI-powered scientific research rather than regulating AI use across multiple sectors.

Legislative Status

Hard Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a binding legislative act from the United States Congress with mandatory language and appropriated funding, creating legal obligations for the Department of Energy.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: United States Congress
• Summary: This is an Act of Congress, as indicated by the title 'One Big Beautiful Bill Act 2025' and the legislative structure with sections and appropriations language.

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor, AI_Developer, AI_Infrastructure_Provider
• Entities: Secretary of Energy; Department of Energy; National Laboratories; industry sectors within the United States; scientific community
• Summary: The document creates obligations for the Secretary of Energy and Department of Energy to mobilize National Laboratories and partner with industry sectors. The scientific community is identified as a beneficiary who will receive access to AI models through the American science cloud.

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: Department of Energy; Secretary of Energy
• Summary: The Secretary of Energy has the authority to implement and oversee the program, with Congressional appropriation providing the enforcement mechanism through budgetary control.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Entities: United States Congress
• Summary: Congress retains oversight authority through the appropriations process and the specified timeline through September 30, 2026, which implies Congressional monitoring of fund usage and program implementation.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

No lifecycle stages identified.

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

No technical scope terms identified.