HR 4661 Autonomous Mobility Ensuring Regulation, Innovation, Commerce, and Advancement Driving Reliability in Vehicle Efficiency and Safety Act 2025

• Authority: United States Congress
• Parent authority: Federal government
• Jurisdiction: United States
• Collections: U.S. federal laws
• Most recent activity: Proposed
• Most recent activity date: 2025-07-24

Risk subdomain coverage

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• Lack of capability or robustness

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

The document has minimal risk domain coverage overall. While it addresses autonomous vehicle integration and mentions safety considerations, it does not substantively address specific AI risks or harms as defined in the MIT taxonomy. The legislation is primarily permissive and procedural, focused on enabling ADS-equipped commercial vehicles to operate without addressing detailed risk mitigation measures for AI-specific harms.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Trade, Transportation & Utilities

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

The document primarily governs the Trade, Transportation and Utilities sector, specifically commercial motor vehicle operations in interstate commerce. The legislation enables ADS-equipped commercial vehicles (trucks, delivery vehicles) to operate without human drivers, addressing regulatory frameworks for motor carriers and transportation operations.

Legislative Status

Hard Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a Congressional bill that amends Title 49 of the United States Code, creating binding legal obligations with mandatory language and enforcement through federal regulatory authority.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The bill was introduced by Mr. Fong in the House of Representatives and referred to the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, which are the legislative bodies proposing this governance measure.

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Deployer, AI_User
• Summary: The document explicitly applies to commercial motor vehicles equipped with Level 4 or 5 ADS operating in interstate commerce, and motor carriers operating these vehicles. These entities deploy and use the AI systems.

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The Secretary of Transportation is explicitly designated to issue and enforce regulations implementing the Act, including updating relevant sections of Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The Secretary of Transportation is responsible for overseeing implementation and ensuring regulatory compliance through rulemaking and enforcement of federal motor carrier safety regulations.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

• Verify and Validate
• Deploy
• Operate and Monitor

AI Lifecycle Summary

The document primarily focuses on the Deploy and Operate & Monitor stages of the AI lifecycle. It addresses the deployment of ADS-equipped commercial vehicles in interstate commerce and the operational framework for their integration. There is minimal coverage of verification/validation through references to safety and regulatory implementation, but no substantive coverage of earlier lifecycle stages such as planning, data collection, or model development.

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

• AI Systems
• Task-specific AI

Technical Scope Summary

The document explicitly defines and regulates 'automated driving systems' (ADS) as AI systems capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task. It specifically references SAE International's automation levels 3, 4, and 5, with detailed definitions of Level 4 and Level 5 systems. The document treats ADS as complete systems rather than distinguishing models from systems. There is no mention of frontier AI, general purpose AI, foundation models, generative AI, compute thresholds, or open-source models.