Liquid Cooling for AI Act of 2025

• Authority: United States Congress
• Parent authority: Federal government
• Jurisdiction: United States
• Collections: U.S. federal laws
• Most recent activity: Proposed
• Most recent activity date: 2025-11-20

Risk subdomain coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the risk subdomain are explicitly described.

• Environmental harm

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• AI system security vulnerabilities
• Competitive dynamics

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

This document has minimal coverage of AI risk domains, with primary focus on environmental harm (subdomain 6.6) related to energy consumption and cooling efficiency of AI data centers. Brief mention of cybersecurity (2.2) in the context of evaluating cooling technology impacts. The document addresses infrastructure supporting AI systems rather than AI-specific risks.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Information
• Scientific Research & Development Services
• Public Administration (excl. National Security)

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the sector are described.

• Trade, Transportation & Utilities
• Professional & Technical Services
• Educational Services

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

This document primarily governs activities in the Information sector (data centers and AI compute infrastructure), Public Administration (federal government facilities and operations), and Scientific Research and Development Services (National Laboratories). It addresses infrastructure supporting AI systems rather than AI applications in specific industry sectors.

Legislative Status

Hard Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a congressional bill that, if enacted, would create binding legal obligations on federal government officials (Comptroller General and Secretary of Energy) to conduct reviews, establish advisory committees, and submit reports within specified timeframes. The document uses mandatory language throughout.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: This is a congressional bill introduced to the Senate and House of Representatives. The document is formally proposed legislation originating from the United States Congress.

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor, AI_Infrastructure_Provider
• Summary: The Act directs the Comptroller General to conduct a technology assessment and the Secretary of Energy to review and submit recommendations. It explicitly references Federal agencies deploying AI systems across Government-owned facilities and considers implications for data center operators through research findings and best practices.

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: These congressional committees are designated to receive reports and assessments, providing oversight and enforcement through congressional review authority. The Act establishes reporting requirements to these specific committees.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The Comptroller General is tasked with conducting a comprehensive review and assessment. The Secretary of Energy must review the GAO report and provide recommendations. An advisory committee is established to consult and coordinate on the review process.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

• Plan and Design
• Deploy
• Operate and Monitor

AI Lifecycle Summary

The document primarily addresses the Deploy and Operate and Monitor stages of AI infrastructure lifecycle, focusing on data center architecture, cooling system deployment decisions, and operational efficiency. It also touches on Plan and Design through consideration of deployment architectures and federal facility planning.

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

• AI Systems

Technical Scope Summary

The document explicitly mentions AI systems and artificial intelligence in the context of data center infrastructure and computing facilities. It does not distinguish between different AI model types (frontier, GPAI, foundation models, etc.) or mention compute thresholds, focusing instead on infrastructure for AI workloads generally.