Liquid Cooling for AI Act of 2025

• Authority: United States Congress
• Parent authority: Federal government
• Jurisdiction: United States
• Collections: U.S. federal laws
• Most recent activity: Proposed
• Most recent activity date: 2025-09-11

Risk subdomain coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the risk subdomain are explicitly described.

• Environmental harm

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the risk subdomain are described.

• AI system security vulnerabilities
• Competitive dynamics
• Lack of capability or robustness

All other risk subdomains had no coverage in this document.

Risk Coverage Summary

The document has minimal risk domain coverage, primarily focused on environmental harm (6.6) related to data center energy consumption and cooling efficiency. It touches briefly on infrastructure security/resilience (2.2, 7.3) and competitive dynamics (6.4) regarding U.S. technological leadership. The document is infrastructure-focused rather than AI risk-focused, addressing physical cooling systems rather than AI-specific harms.

Sector coverage

Good coverage — Comprehensive governance measures or mitigations with clear procedures relating to the sector are explicitly described.

• Public Administration (excl. National Security)

Minimal coverage — Brief mention but no specific mitigations, recommendations or governance measures relating to the sector are described.

• Information
• Scientific Research & Development Services

All other sectors had no coverage in this document.

Sectors Summary

The document primarily governs Public Administration (federal agencies deploying AI systems) and Scientific Research and Development Services (National Laboratories). It has minimal coverage of the Information sector through references to data centers.

Legislative Status

Hard Law

Legislative Status Summary

This is a Congressional bill that, when enacted, would create binding legal obligations on federal officials using mandatory language. It establishes clear requirements for the Comptroller General and Secretary of Energy with specific deadlines and deliverables.

Actors

Proposer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The document is a Congressional bill, with authority stated as 'United States Congress' and introductory text stating 'Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled'

Target

• Entity Types: AI_Infrastructure_Provider, AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The document targets federal government entities operating AI infrastructure and data centers, stating that 'Federal agencies, including the Department of Energy, are considering the deployment of AI systems across government-owned facilities' and requires development of 'Federal Government-wide best-practice guidance for Federal agencies'

Enforcer

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: Congressional committees receive mandatory reports from the Comptroller General and Secretary of Energy, providing oversight enforcement through the legislative branch's authority over executive agencies.

Monitor

• Entity Types: AI_Governance_Actor
• Summary: The Comptroller General is tasked with conducting the technology assessment and review, while the Secretary of Energy evaluates and responds to findings. A liquid cooling industry organization will be designated to consult and coordinate.

AI Lifecycle Stages

Lifecycle stages covered by the documents, as defined in the OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems

• Plan and Design
• Build and Use Model
• Deploy
• Operate and Monitor

AI Lifecycle Summary

The document primarily covers the Plan and Design, Deploy, and Operate and Monitor stages of the AI lifecycle, focusing on the physical infrastructure needed to support AI compute clusters. It addresses design considerations, deployment of cooling systems, and operational best practices for maintaining AI infrastructure.

Technical Scope

Terms relating to technical scope that are mentioned or implicitly referenced in the document

• AI Systems

Technical Scope Summary

The document mentions AI systems and AI compute clusters but does not specify particular types of AI (frontier, general purpose, generative, etc.) or provide compute thresholds. The focus is on infrastructure rather than AI model characteristics.